Anatomy and Physiology Student Resources
Cliff Belleau MS / Adjunct Professor at Macomb County Community College -- email

"If you ever hear yourself saying, 'I think I understand this,' that means you don't."
Dr. Richard Feynman PhD, Nobel Prize Theoretical Physics
 
Course Content  
Lecture: Unit 1 /// Unit 2 /// Unit 3 /// Unit 4 <<>> Lab: Unit 1 /// Unit 2 /// Unit 3 /// Unit 4
 
First Day Orientation //// My Teaching Philosophy //// Lab Manual (pdf)
 

If you find a "broken link" then please let me know ASAP.
 
 
   
 
    Message Board  
   

Thursday 9/3: C5 Hot List Questions Posted.

About Wednesday 9/9: Please Note - What you do over the next seven days will more than likely determine if you pass or fail this class. Use your time wisely! An "A" student will complete the homework assignments for September 9th and then also do C6 and C7. Now this student may use the remainder of the time before the lab and lecture exams to review learning objectives.

Lab - know all muscle and be able to identify muscles by name from a textbook. Come to lab so you know the muscles and can spend all of your time to identify muscles on models and charts.

Lecture - (minimum) C11chpapter study guide and C8C9C10 chapter study guide homework assignments.

I will post C5 hot list questions soon! Also, if you did not pass Part A exam with an "A" then go back and watch the videos. I can tell many students are clueless when I use the info from the first four chapters in my current lectures. You can't skate through this class with only half of the necessary knowledge.

Wednesday 9/2: Lab - Finish skeletal system LO and start skeletal muscle LO. I will cover the osteon's structure/function as a 20 minute lab special topic. // Lecture - Finish C5 (10 min.) and start C11 skeletal muscle. C11 homework will not be due until Wednesday 9/9.

About Unit One Part A Results: The class average was 66%. I was hoping for 85%. Part B's exam will be harder than the Part A exam. So, please start to prepare for the exam TODAY! You need to know the info covered in the Part A exam. Use the videos to review the key lecture learning objectives. Study the chapter study guides at home then meet in a study group to quiz each other using the chapter study guide questions. This is how we achieve a class average of 85%!

Friday 8/28: Unit One Part A Exam on Monday during lab session. C5 Histology Homework due on Monday. We will cover C5 in lecture session.

Monday 8/24: C4 Hot List Questions Posted.

Friday 8/21: Hot List Questions (HLQ) posted for C1 and C2. C3 HLQ will be posted Monday and C4 HLQ will be posted Wednesday before class.

Thursday 8/20: Urgent Message About Next Week

> About Lab: You need to learn the bones and the bone's features at HOME before you come to lab. You come to lab to demonstrate your knowledge by quizzing other students using the actual bones. This is how you earn an "A" on the lab exam. If you don't follow these suggestion then you will not pass the lab exam. So, on Monday come to lab ready to identify the Lab Learning Objectives for the upper and lower extremities.

> About Lecture; You need to turn in the chapter study guide answers for C2 Chemistry (second part from #36 to end) and C3 Cell Physiology. (You should try to also work ahead and complete C4 homework but don't turn this in on Monday.)

> In Monday's lecture, I need to complete C2 topics and cover most of C3. Then on Wednesday complete C3 and C4. This is a brutal schedule, I know. This is why I told you in my orientation that you would need to devote two to three hours seven days a week to prepare for this class. Now you can see why you will need to study this much time every day!

> Unfortunately, I may need to use all my lecture time just to cover the slides which will leave little time for me to ask students questions. So, I will post "hot list questions" that will be the key study guide questions likely to be on the lecture exam. I will allow students to ask any questions they may have at the start of the lecture period. Furthermore, I may need to use some of our lab time to catch up on some lecture topics. This should not be a problem because you are actually learning the bones and their features before coming to lab and all the lab models and wall charts are also in the library if you need extra lab time. Carpe diem!

> The last day to drop this class with 100% refund is AUGUST 25!

> Remember, you need to opt in or opt out for the text book.

Wednesday 8/19 * Please Note: I try to arrive at school 30 minutes before the scheduled start of class because of concern about traffic delays. So, on most days I will open lab to students at 7:30am. If you need extra lab time or need time to work with your chapter study guides with other students then you are welcome to enter lab at 7:30am.

Wednesday 8/19 * Whoops! Corrections to C1 SG #6 What uses mathematics to tell use how something happens? // C2 SG #4 What is the atomic number? What is the atomic mass?

Wednesday 8/19 * Lab - Prepare for lab learning objectives through upper extremities // Lecture - Chapter 2 Chemistry // Turn in C1 SG and C2 SG through question 35 // We will use the last 15 minutes of lab and the first 15 minutes of lecture for questions and answers!!!

Please Note: You are not permitted to wear sandals or open toe shoes in lab. This is a Science Department regulation. So, please do not make me have to ask you to leave the lab period because you are wearing bedroom slippers, flip flops, or sandals!

The last day to drop this class with 100% refund is AUGUST 25!

Monday 8/17 * Great first day! We completed C1 and you have C1 Study Guide to turn in at the start of Wednesday's lab period.

Welcome Incoming AP Students - Success is not an accident. Success occurs when you are prepared for an opportunity. This class is your opportunity! So if you need an "A" in this class then you need to start to prepare for success now!

There are over 200 structures to learn for the Unit One Lab Exam. You may want to start to memorize the skeletal bones and skeletal muscles now! These are just two of the subjects on the first anatomy exam! If you start to memorize the bones and muscles now then this will help to lower your stress level as you prepare for the first unit exam.

I recommend that you print Unit One Lab Learning Objectives. These Learning Objectives have been created by MC3's Science Department. This is the information that you need to learn for the lab exam. You will also find other information about my AP class on the First Day Orientation Page.

The Unit One Lecture Exam covers the first eleven chapters in our textbook. So, you may want to start to prepare for the class by reading the text book now Your overall grade in this class is determined by an average of the lab and lecture exams. The Unit One Exam is going to cover a lot of information!

Here is the good news! The first unit lecture exam is now divided into a Part A and Part B. Part A is taken after we complete Chapter Four and Part B is taken with the lab exam after week four.

Throughout the course, I will use this space to post important messages. You will need to check this "Bulletin Board" daily for updates and corrections. So welcome to my class. My objective is to help you learn physiology so you may advance your career goal. I wish all of my students "Good Luck".

"The harder I worked, the luckier I got", Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Car Company.

  
       
   
 
   

> Syllabus BIOL 2710 (C1603)
> Lecture Exam Schedule Fall 2026 T/Th (C1603)
> Dr. Eric Mazer PhD Physics at Harvard // How to reinvented the classroom!
> Peer Instruction for "Active Learning" by Dr. Eric Mazer
> About Attendance
> About Last Withdraw Date - In order to properly withdraw from a class, the student must complete and submit the class withdrawal on Self Service Student Planning or in person at the Office of Records & Registration. Non-payment or non-attendance does not constitute a proper withdrawal and students who stop paying and/or attending classes without properly withdrawing will be held financially and academically responsible for the class(es). /// Last Day To Withdraw From Class 1/09/2026

  
 
 
 

An Affirmation to Read at the Start of Every Day!

 
  The Man in the Arena
Theodore Roosevelt *		  
 

It is not the critic who counts; Not the person who points out how the strong person stumbles or where the doer of deed could have done them better. The credit belongs to the person who is actually in the arena. Whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; Who strives valiantly; Who errs, who comes short again and again because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; But who does actually strive to do the deeds; Who knows great enthusiasms. The great devotion; Who spends themselves in a worthy cause; Who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement. And who at the worst if they fail at least fail while daring greatly. So that their place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.

* Pronoun corrected 1920 speech

  
     
   
 
    Library Learning Help Center
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    How Many Hours Will You Need to Study Daily to Pass This Class?  
       
    Learning is all about "Time on Task" > In order to learn the lecture and lab objectives, you will need to study two to three hours per day, seven days a week for the next 16 weeks! This recommendation is taken from research data collected by the Michigan Educational Association. Remember, this is "study time" and does not include the time in class for the lab and lecture. Study time is the "investment you are making in your future". The Roman poet Horace said famously, "Care diem" . (i.e. seize the day or "one should do all one can today to make one's future better). Care diem!  
       
   

Key Idea: Research discovered that it is more beneficial if you study daily. If you skip five two hour daily study times, but then try to make up for lost daily study time by spending one ten hour study time later in the week does not work. The benefit of the daily study time idea is based on how your brain works: synaptic potentiating, memory recall, and memory re-consolidation. We know recalling stored information reinforces "the memory trace". This is a nerve pathway which is established in your brains as you place information (i.e. the factoid) into your memory. Recall and re-consolidation (i.e. retrieving and replacing the memory) reinforces the synaptic connections along the memory trace. This is how the brain works! "Neurons that fire together wire together". So if we hope to benefit from our scientific knowledge, then we should be willing to change our behavior.

  
   
 
   

Is it wise to ignore scientific facts because the facts are inconvenient?

  
   

The purpose of science is to find the truth! Researchers who study classroom learning have discovered how personal digital devices (e.g. cell phones and lap-top computers) affect learning in the lecture class. The experimental results are alarming. When digital devices were allowed in the class room, class test results were one full grade lower! So in the interest of both "science and best practices in the lecture room", I prohibit cell phones and personal computers in my lecture classes. No exceptions!

This scientific evidence is not an isolated finding. There is a growing body of evidence all suggesting the negative impact of digital devices on classroom learning. The negative impact on learning occurs for both the user and those students near the digital user. Even the mere presence of the digital devices, turned off and in the student's backpack, will have negative consequences on the individual. I have provided you with several articles below to support my classroom policy. I realize that for some students this policy may feel unfair or inconvenient. My policy is based on scientific research and is in my student's best interest. Please read the reference articles below to learn how digital devices in the classroom harms classroom learning and lowers test scores.

How Smart-phones Hijack Our Minds - If you are smart then you will read this article. If you are wise then you will leave your phones at home or in your car when you come into school. "Students who didn't bring their phones to the classroom scored a full letter-grade higher on a test of the material presented than those who brought their phones to class."

Laptop Multi-tasking Hinders Classroom Learning for Users and Nearby Peers -- "Seeking Best Practices in Teaching" means a willingness to apply knowledge to ensure the best possible outcome for your students. This article is my justification for prohibiting laptop computers in my lectures. You can use laptop computers in lab. The "How Smart-phones Hijack Our Minds" is the justification for my cell phone policy. Sometimes science is inconvenient and in conflict with your personal wishes; but science seeks the truth. I hope you will read the smart-phone and laptop computer articles.

French school children head back to school without their cell phones, smart phones, and tablets. (link to article)

Why Writing by Hand Is Better for Memory and Learning

Why the Brain Prefers Paper.

Digital Addiction: Rising rates of depression and anxiety in wealthy countries like the U.S. may be a result of our brains getting hooked on the neurotransmitter (dopamine) associated with pleasure/reward.  

  
   
 
    Reference Links:  
>  

Medical Dictionary // http:///ampule

  
>  

"howdahs" -- Hear the words pronounced. There are currently 154,680 entries in the dictionary. (acetabulum)

  
   

 

  
   
 
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>>   Here Is An Affirmations You Should Repeat at the Start of Every Day!  
>   The Man in the Arena (Part of Teddy Roosevelt's 1910 Speech)  
       
 
     
 

Health Care Web Sites & Other Resources
for Anatomy and Physiology Students

  
 
 
  BioInteractive Home Page  
  Follow this link (What is BioInteractive?) to learn about an amazing "science resource portal". It is the work of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. It has a teaching mission but also provides research grants to scientist working in human physiology and medicine. Their novel approach to funding scientist has produced significant results with a steady stream of Noble Prize Winners. This link (www.youtube.com/biointeractive) will take you to a catalog of videos produced by HHMI. The link at the top of this section (highlighted in grey) will take you directly to BioInteractive's Home Page. This is a must visit Web site!  
 
 
  Royal Instition of Great Britian  
  The Royal Institution of Great Britain is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London. It was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president, George Finch, the 9th Earl of Winchilsea. The lecture hall at the Royal Institute is considered the most famous lecture hall in the world! (Lecture Series on "Being Human")  
 
 
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  
 
The CDC should be your first source for information about disease and wellness. This site is designed to provide valuable healthcare information to physicians as well as to the general public. The CDC also reports on emerging diseases around the world and in the United States. BioInteractive
  
 
 
  National Institutes of Health  
 
The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation’s medical research agency — making important discoveries that improve health and save lives. The NIH is made up of 27 different components called Institutes and Centers. For over a century, NIH scientists have paved the way for important discoveries that improve health and save lives..
  
 
 
  American Council on Science & Health  
 
The American Council on Science and Health was founded in 1978 by a group of scientists with a singular mission – to provide an evidence-based counterpoint to the wave of anti-science claims that became the calling card of fundraising groups who were using mass media to promote fear about topics such as food, energy and medicine. These scientists created an organization that could add data and reason to debates about science and public health issues and to provide that data to policy makers and the public. ACSH is a national, non-profit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) education and advocacy organization based in New York City.
  
 
 
  Food and Drug Administration  
 

FDA is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA's organization consists of the Office of the Commissioner and four directorates overseeing the core functions of the agency: Medical Products and Tobacco, Foods, Global Regulatory Operations and Policy, and Operations.

  
 
 
  Kaiser Family Foundation  
 
 
Kaiser is a non-profit organization focusing on national health issues, as well as the U.S. role in global health policy.  Unlike grant-making foundations, Kaiser develops and runs its own policy analysis, journalism and communications programs, sometimes in partnership with major news organizations. We serve as a non-partisan source of facts, analysis and journalism for policymakers, the media,  the health
 
 
policy community and the public. Our product is information, always provided free of charge — from the most sophisticated policy research, to basic facts and numbers, to in depth health policy news coverage provided by our news service, KHN, to information young people can use to improve their health or the general public can use to understand the health reform law. Our core mission is filling the need for trusted information about Health Issues
  
 
 
   
 
PharMedOut is a Georgetown University Medical Center project that advances evidence-based prescribing and educates healthcare professionals about pharmaceutical marketing practices. PharMedOut promotes evidence-based medicine by providing slideshows, videos, events, and links to pharma-free CME courses. (Founded by Dr. Adriane Fugh-Berman) www.pharmedout.org
  
 
 
   
 
"In Sick Around the World, Frontline teams up with veteran Washington Post foreign correspondent T.R. Reid to find out how five other capitalist democracies --(United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Taiwan and Switzerland) -- deliver health care, and what the United States might learn from their successes and their failures." April 15, 2008   Follow this link: www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaroundtheworld/
  
 
 
   
 
Their mission is to educate citizens about the benefits of a Single-Payer National Health Program. The U.S. spends twice as much as other industrialized nations on health care, $8,160 per capita. Yet our system performs poorly in comparison and still leaves 50.7 million without health coverage and millions more inadequately covered. This is because private insurance profits, unnecessary bureaucracy and paperwork over electronic documents consume one-third (31 percent) of every health care dollar.
  

Greg Silver, MD
 
 
(Note: the new Health Care Reform Act now mandates that a health insurance company spends a higher percent of your health care premium for health care services and if they don't spend the premium for medical services then they must rebate that money to the insured. However, it is still less fair than what other industrial countries do with their national healther care programs.) Streamlining payment through a single nonprofit payer would save more than $400 billion per year, enough to provide comprehensive, high-quality coverage for all Americans. Follow this Link to Visit PNHP's Web Site
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Lectures by Dr. Robert Sapolsky, The John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn
Professor of Biological Sciences and Neurology at Stanford University
  
 
 

Dr. Robert Sapolsky is a Professor of Biology, Neurosurgery, Neurology & Neurological Sciences at Stanford University.  You can now attend Professor Sapolsky eclectic lectures online.   These inspirational lectures cover complex normal and abnormal behaviors. Furthermore, they show us how we can integrate disciplines like sociobiology, ethology, neuroscience, and endocrinology to examine behaviors such as aggression, sexual behavior, language use, and mental illness. After you watch these lectures, you will understand why Professor Sapolsky was voted by his students to be the best teacher at Stanford University.

The Limbic System

Link to 27 Lectures by Dr. Sapolsky
Stanford University

 
 
Robert Sapolsky won a MacArthur Fellowship in 1987 (i.e. the Genius Award!) for his creative breakthrough in understanding how the brain works, and in particular how prolonged stress can cause both physical and mental health problems. Author of seven bestselling books including A Primate’s Memoir and Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers, he has made annual trips to Africa for the past twenty three years to study a population of wild baboons and the relationships between their personalities and patterns of stress-related diseases. One of the nation’s top biologists, he is also a wry humanist, and reminds us: “If a rat is a good model for your emotional life, you’re in trouble.”
 
  How Bacteria Talk
by Dr. Bonnie Bassler, Princeton University		  
 

Bonnie Bassler studies how bacteria can communicate with one another, through chemical signals, to act as a unit. Her work could pave the way for new, more potent medicine.

In 2002, bearing her microscope on a microbe that lives in the gut of fish, Bonnie Bassler isolated an elusive molecule called AI-2, and uncovered the mechanism behind mysterious behavior called quorum sensing -- or bacterial communication. She showed that bacterial chatter is hardly exceptional or anomalous behavior, as was once thought -- and in fact, most bacteria do it, and most do it all the time. (She calls the signaling molecules "bacterial Esperanto.")

 

 
 

The discovery shows how cell populations use chemical powwows to stage attacks, evade immune systems and forge slimy defenses called biofilms. For that, she's won a MacArthur "genius" grant -- and is giving new hope to frustrated pharmacos seeking new weapons against drug-resistant superbugs.

Bassler teaches molecular biology at Princeton, where she continues her years-long study of V. harveyi, one such social microbe that is mainly responsible for glow-in-the-dark sushi. She also teaches aerobics at the YMCA.

“She's really the one who's shown that this is something that all these bacteria are doing all the time. And if we want to understand them, we have to understand quorum sensing.” — Ned Wingreen, Princeton, on Nova ScienceNOW -- Go To TED Talk

  
 
 
   
 
Thirty cents of every dollar spent on U.S. health care -- a total of $750 billion -- was wasted in 2009 on unnecessary services, excessive administrative costs, fraud and other problems, according to the Institute of Medicine. It's enough to cover every uninsured American six times over. What else could it buy? ss
  
 
 
   
 
The 2009 H1N1 "Swine" Influenza" was our most recent "near-miss" pandemic. When will it be back? Why are scientists terrified about the H5N1 virus? Why do some scientist believe the H5N1 virus may kill worldwide more than a billion people? Why are newborns and senior citizens more likely to survive a flu pandemic? ss
  
 
 
Harvard Health Publishing by Harvard Medical School
This web site is a trusted reaource for advise about living a healthier life. You may use this site to start your search for trusted information on a broad range of topics: heart health, mind and mood, pain, nutrition, staying healthy, cancer, diseases, men's health, wormen's health, and much more.
OpenBiome
OpenBiome mission is to be the trusted brand in bringing improved health through microbiome solutions. If you are a student looking for an exciting career in science, then you may want to think about working for a biotech company...

Self-Pace "Master Class" on SARS-CoVID-19

The SARS-CoVID-19 virus (yellow spheres) emerge from host cell after replication. (scanning electron microscope image) After replication, thousands of newly formed virus leave the dead host cell to infect thousands of new healthy host cells. Follow the status of the CoVID-19 pandemic on the Wuhan Dashboards (see below). If you are curious, then you must watch the first two video links below. They are both "best in their class".

>> Sars-CoVid-2 Animation About the Virus, Infection, Detection and Vaccinations by BioInteractive
>> Corona Virus: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnostics - Part 1 // (50 min.) - Great Lecture!!!

>>Omicron: The Case of Hidden Evolution (Surprise, the Omicron Virus Did Not Evolve From Delta Variant)

>> Wuhan CoVID19 Worldwide Dashboard
>> Tracking CoVID19 Across US by State and County Dashboard
>> Learn More >>> Follow this link to find videos and articles about CoVID-19.

 
 "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm"..   Henry David Thoreau

How I Used My "Pandemic Time Away From School" to Build a Duplex
Site Preparation /// Sewer, Water, and Driveway /// Detached Garage
Foundation & Mason Work /// Framing /// Front Gable Video

Lake St. Clair 2023 | Elite Series | Lee Livesay